Absolute Essay

â€Å"There really are [or are not] ‘absolutes’ upon which a universal truth can be based that can be applied for establishing ethical behavior in business. † The world of business would be such a chaotic place sans universal truth that can be applied to establish ethical behavior. If they are no â€Å"absolutes† then everything else is relative; that state of being depends on how many factors and those factors include how one feels on a certain issue, the norms in a society that one lives in, the definition of right and wrong being subjective, and religious beliefs. In the instance where an individual will act as they feel and not per universal absolute truth, then the individual may decide not to pay for the services rendered to them or merchandise that they procured because that is how the individual feels about the situation even if the renderer of service or seller may feel that they ought to be paid for their services or goods. They feelings in this case are only true to them and not the buyer as the buyer has a different feeling about the situation. In the case where the norms of a society dictate the ethical behavior of a society, it would also mean that there is relative subjectivity to the whole notion of ethics as societies can have norms which are not at all right as seen in the case of the Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda. The Hutus were a majority (85%)of the population and through political propaganda they were incited to kill the minority Tutsis (14%). 800,000 people were murdered in the name of tribal cleansing and at that point in time it was alright for a Hutu to kill a Tutsi as per what had become the norm. The entire world condemned this sordid act even though it was relatively â€Å"right† in the Hutu society. This might sound extreme but it only shows us a norm in a society does not make it a right thing to be done. The same applies for business in that what is a norm for business in one society would be considered gross corruption in another and also what might mean integrity in one society would be condemned in another as lack of business acumen as in not being able to accept business opportunities regardless of how the can be obtained. We cannot therefore base ethical behavior on societal norms and behaviors and not to say that they are not any of those norms that are acceptable and of very high standards that could very well be ethical, however the The definition of right or wrong if treated as relative subject will influence the way one perceives issues in terms of being ethical or unethical. When right and wrong is relative it means what might be right for one might just be wrong for me, there is no absolutes. A classical example is the Nigerian immigration as it purportedly used to be in past, this writer does not have first hand knowledge of the said instances. It is said that when one travelled to Nigeria, one could not get their passport stamped by the immigration officer if they did not put some money in the passport. The officer would hand one back the passport and advise them that there is a †page† missing in the passport. The â€Å"page† meant a dollar bill. For people who grew up in that tradition it was an expected thing to do and that was how it was supposed to be supposedly but for a foreigner, say an American, that would be so wrong a thing to do because in the USA, that is corrupting a public officer and that is a crime in itself that one could go to jail for. There is the issue of religious beliefs and religion and lack thereof. It is said that religious beliefs help to foster stronger ethical behavior, as religions tend to be black and white on what is wrong and what is right. Yet there are different religions and needless to say the different religions have different sets of ideals whether it be ethics or morals. To highlight that is the tragic case of Sept11, 2011 when the USA was attacked by the Muslim terrorists. These terrorists according to what they believed, they were doing the right thing and had been taught so that when they die like that they are martyrs of their religion and they will go to heaven for doing the will of their God. Beliefs in the different religions vary and notwithstanding those without any religion, it is reasonable to say that in this case it is relative as in what a person believes in. If there has to be consistency in any transaction of business, there therefore has to be absolutes upon which a universal truth can be based that can be applied for establishing ethical behavior. It should not matter how one feels, what norms are in one’s society, how one defines right or wrong, and what one’s religious beliefs are. There are absolutely ethical elements in all the above that can be applied to all business ethics to enhance the ethical behavior but there definitely should be a standard that is universal and expected to be followed by all involved in business. It is so fundamental because it is the basis on which all business is going to be transacted upon. One cannot go into business with a partner who will run one out of business or someone who will not do what they say they will do and do it right.

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory Essay

The contingency Theory shows the relationship between the leader’s orientation or style and group performance under differing situational conditions. The theory is based on determining the orientation of a leader ( relationship or task ), the elements of the situation ( leader-member relations, task structure and leader position power), and the leader orientation that was found to be most effective as the situation changed from low to moderate to high control. Fred Edward Fiedler in his landmark 1964 article, â€Å" A contingency of Leadership Effectiveness. studied and emphasized the importance of both the leader’s personality and the situation in which that leader operates. Fiedler found that task oriented leaders were more effective in low and moderate control situations and relationship oriented managers were more effective in moderate control situations. Fiedler and his associates studied leaders in a variety of contexts but mostly in military context and their mo del is based on their research findings. They outlined two styles of leadership namely task-motivated and relationship-motivated. Task refers to task accomplishment, and relationship-motivation refers to interpersonal relationships. He measured leadership style leadership style with the Least Preferred Co-Worker scale (LPC scale ). According to Northouse ( 2007 ), the leaders scoring high on this scale are relationship motivated and those scoring low are task motivated. Northhouse further indicated that, central to contingency theory is the concept of the situation, which is characterized by three factors. One, leader-member relations which deals with the general atmosphere of the group and the feelings such as trust, loyalty and confidence that the group has for its leader. Two, task structure, which is related to task clarity and the means to task accomplishment. Three, the position power, which relates to the amount of reward-punishment authority the leader has over members of the group. These three factors determine the favorableness of various situations in the organization. Definitions of factors in Contingency Theory Situational elements One, is the leader-member relations. The regard with which the leader and the group members hold one another determines in part, the ability of the leader to influence the group and the conditions under which he or she can do so. It therefore follows that a leader who is accepted by the group members is in a more favorable situation than one who is not. Two, is the task structure which is determined by the following questions in mind; can a decision be demonstrated as correct? , are the the requirements of the task of the task understood by everyone? , is there more than one correct solution?. If the group’s task is not structured, and if the leader is no more knowledgeable than the group about how to accomplish the task, the situation definitely becomes unfavorable. The third factor is the leader position power. This is determined by the rewards and punishments which the leader officially has at his or her disposal for either rewarding or punishing the group members based on how they perform. The more power the leader has, the more favorable the situation. Leader Orientation Fiedler used the Least Preferred Co-worker scale commonly known as LPC scale to measure leadership style. LPC helps management identify the human relations orientation and task orientation of possible leaders. He analyses leader orientation as follows. One of the factors is relationship orientation in which he said that high LPC leaders are more concerned with personal relations, more sensitive to the feelings of others, and better of heading off conflict. Such leaders use their good relations with others to get a job done. This also enables them to deal with complex issues when making decisions. These leaders tend to have an LPC score of 73 and above. In high control situations, these leaders tend to become bored and are no longer challenged. They tend to seek approval from their superiors ignoring their subordinates or they may decide to reorganize he task. They often become inconsiderate toward their subordinates as a result, become more punishing and more concerned with performance of the task. In moderate control situations, they focus on group relations. They reduce the anxiety and tension of group members and thus reduce conflict. They handle creative decision making groups well. They see this situation as challenging and interesting and perform it well in it. Lastly, in low control situations, they always try to obtain group support often at the expense of the task. In fact under extremely stressful situations, they may also withdraw from leadership role, failing to direct the group’s work. The second factor is task oriented. According to Fiedler, the LPC score for leaders here is 64 and below. Low LPC leaders are more concerned with the task, and less dependent on group support. They tend to be eager and impatient to get on with work. They quickly organize the job and have a no-nonsense attitude about getting the work done. In moderate control situations, they are anxious and less effective. They become absorbed in the task and pay little attention to personal relations in the group. They tend to be insensitive to the feelings of their group members, and the group resents the lack of concern. However, in high control situations, these leaders are relaxed and develop pleasant relations with subordinates and they are easy to get along with. As work gets done, they do not interfere with the group or expect interference from their superiors. And lastly in low control situations, the leaders devote themselves to their challenging task. They organize and drive the group to task completion. They also tend to control the group tightly and maintain strict discipline. Fiedler and associates concluded that if a leader’s LPC scores fall between 65 and 72, then the leader must carefully analyze their leadership style as they learn more about the relationship oriented and task oriented styles. However, it is important to note that there is no single leadership style that is effective in all situations. Rather, certain leadership styles are better suited for some situations than for others. Fiedler further pointed out that the effectiveness of the leader is contingent upon the orientation of the leader and the favorableness of the situation.

M1A2 AND M2A1 - qualitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M1A2 AND M2A1 - qualitative research - Essay Example M1A1 Identified phenomenon in the workplace that can be explored by qualitative research method and its analysis Significance of effects of stress and attitude on employees’ productivity level is one of the workplace phenomena that can be explored by a qualitative research method. Stress defines response to a physical or mental strain and is a common factor in the workplace because of the scope of people’s lives and the work environment. People combine work and private life and the strain in balancing the two, together with effects of the demands in a worker’s personal life induces stress among workers. Personal attitudes towards other employees and work processes are also common and may be influenced by emotional stability from stress among employees. These factors dictates worker’s focus, and may influence their effectiveness and efficiencies at the workplace. It is therefore important to understand employee’s states and possible effects of the we lfare on organizational processes for managerial initiatives. Understanding stress and attitude indicators among employees and the relationship between levels of stress and employee productivity can for example help in counseling employees with the aim or reducing impacts of stress and poor attitudes in an organization (McGraw Hill, n.d.). Suitability of qualitative research method for the phenomenon: Seven characteristics of a qualitative research The differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods justify the choice of qualitative approach for the proposed study. The study’s epistemological assumptions identify social perspectives in employees’ social lives and this is a characteristic of a qualitative research. The study’s purpose that seeks to understand employees’ experiences with stress and attitude towards decision making also identifies with qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research objectives of establishing relat ionships for forecasting. The type of raw data for the study, expressions regarding stress, attitude, and ability to work, is qualitative and is therefore compatible with a qualitative method. Further, the study’s emphasis on developing an understanding on association among the factors and its non-random sampling approach of a single organization also identify the research with qualitative method. The proposed data collection strategies for, interviews and observation, that allows for simultaneous analysis, and applicable quality criteria such as credibility and dependability of data also justifies the proposed study’s suitability for a qualitative study and not a quantitative one (Agrosy University, 2005). M2A1: Description of a qualitative research scenario for the phenomenon Introduction Stress has been identifies as a significant factor to employee’s productivity levels in an organization with an inverse correlation. This also suggests a negative relationshi p between poor attitude and productivity (Bashir, 2010). The knowledge of significance of stress and attitude on productivity is however not sufficient for preventive measures and further research is necessary on the significance of different stress and attitude levels and the levels’ indicators (Hancock and Szalma, 2008). This research approach to the workplace phenomenon will therefore develop a model of stress and att

Advocacy organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advocacy organization - Essay Example The new judges have given the award new look, improved the credibility, and exhilarated it from blames and perceived as bias. Innovation in reading price is one of their best programs where prize where outstanding individuals or organizations whose literature inspires readers and new audiences receive awards. The Pulitzer Prize website awards outstanding newspaper and online journalism, musical composition and literature in the United States. Established in 1917, Prizes gives annual awards to twenty-one categories where the overall winner in public service journalism receives a gold medal. This site advocates for the award journalists based on excellence therefore promoting originality and quality work amongst journalists. The PEN American site has given the every member of the society freedom of literature where people can convey information, ideas, and other forms of literature without fear. By extension, it has broadened freedom of speech and expression in an accessible platform for everybody. By targeting mainly the international writers, PEN America has expanded its boundary of ideas to defend writers restricted by culture, traditions or political situations of their countries. These websites serve a great role in recognition and appreciation of the literature, its value and importance to an individual and the society as a whole. PEN supports and gives confidence to the downtrodden writers with suppressed freedom of expression by political obligations while Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Foundation awards outstanding journalists and writers for their sterling

ECE teacher's Reflection on practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECE teacher's Reflection on practice - Essay Example Theorize: The episodes with Ryan reflected the Te Whaariki principle of Relationships. Ryan was indeed responsive and reciprocated my attempts at establishing rapport with him. I also met the goals of the strands of well-being, belonging, communication and exploration. For well being, goal 2 of nurturing his emotional well-being was met as he felt safe with me, enough to go about the routines of the day. This likewise meets goals 2 and 3 of the strand of belonging. For the strand of communication, my interactions with Ryan met the goals of developing verbal communication skills as I urged him to talk about his trip and his volcano as well as the goal of discovering and developing different ways to be creative and expressive as I allowed him to express his own ideas in his sand play. Finally, in the activities, goals 1 and 4 were met. Ryan’s creative play with the sand and the tunnel he was making with the volcano was acknowledged and appreciated that he was encouraged enough t o think of expanding his ideas as he developed working theories for making sense of the natural world. In this case, it was his interest in volcanoes. Muellar Tokunaga (2006) shared that allowing children to indulge in their own imaginative play makes them more engaged in learning. Ryan’s sand play with volcanoes was accompanied by his active imaginative thinking as he came up with other ways to make his play more interesting (creating a tunnel with it). Act: I will be more attentive to Ryan and listen to his ideas. I will refrain from pushing my own ideas unless he asks for my own opinion. That way, I will encourage him to come up with his own original ideas. I will do the same with the other children and be more responsive to their needs. Brewer, J. (2001) Introduction to Early Childhood Education. Allyn & Bacon. Ministry of Education (1996) Te Whariki He Whariki Matauranga mo nga Mokopuna o Aotearoa. NZ: Crown. Muellar Tokunaga, N. (2006). Learning from very young children . The First Years: Nga Tau Tuatahi. New Zealand Journal of Infant and Toddler Education, 8(2), 44-46. REFLECTION 2 Analyse: Everyone was excited about the water play activity since it was sure to relieve the children of the heat. I know how much they loved to play with water and got excited myself of the fun they will have. However, in my zeal to let them enjoy the activity, I mistakenly suggested an activity to Jay that could be possibly dangerous not only for him but for the other children. Telling him to ride the bike with his wet body would be risky because he may slip and fall badly on the ground. Worse, he will also endanger children playing in the water in case he loses control. It was a good thing another teacher had the good sense to stop him from following my suggestion. I felt so guilty for not having thought of his and the other children’s safety even if all I wanted was for them to enjoy. Theorise: Edgington (1999) posits that children learn best in an environmen t that makes them feel secure and confident enough to develop their own ideas with open-ended experiences. They actively engage in learning by partaking of fun, play-based hands-on experiences while adults around them challenge and extend their thinking. In this case, children were allowed to explore water play. This is applying Te Whaariki’s strand of Exploration, specifically goal 4, as the play helps them â€Å"develop working theories for making sense of the natural, social, physical and

Review of a school discipline policy Assignment

Review of a school discipline policy - Assignment Example There is common conformity in literature associated with the management of challenging actions that the basis ought to be the endorsement of constructive behavior. Conventionally, behavior standards in school were frequently characterized by what was not tolerable, and punitive approaches concentrated on the endorsements available to implement regulations and penalize intolerable actions (Dwyer, 2003). This paper attempts to provide teachers with some direction as to how to execute effectual methods of endorsing constructive behavior, however, also how to cope with behavior which critically damages a few children’s capability to gain from education. It as well aims to direct teachers’ reactions to a range of actions in a way which will institute more suitable behavior instead. It might be mainly useful to recently eligible teachers, who time and again find the behavior management to be the most testing element of their occupations. It might also be useful to school employees who desire to support dialogue and collaboration on the subject of behavior. There is no commonly established description of challenging behavior. Behaviour is described as tolerable or intolerable in a societal context, and is as well shaped by the wider milieu wherein people relate with one another. In common terms, tutors acknowledge that challenging actions in the school context includes actions that: meddles with the student’s individual and/or other students’ learning; challenges the everyday operation of the school; dares the right of employees and students to a secure and organized environment; contains a period, regularity, intensity or pushiness that is away from the ordinary array of what schools stand; and is less probable to be receptive to the normal assortment of involvements employed by the school for student misconduct (O’Mahoney, 2003). These consist of: violent behavior, which

Relationship between western European countries and others Essay

Relationship between western European countries and others - Essay Example Relationship between western European countries and others The European countries, thus, looked down on China since they were at a better position in the industrialization sector, despite China’s size, wealth and high population. John Barrow, the writer of Travels in China contributed to how different writers and citizens of Western Europe thought about China. He made them view their country as superior, because, he reasoned that although in the past China was more developed, the Western Europe in the 1800s had grown to be more industrialized and had advanced more in technology. He emphasized that the education offered in Western Europe was of higher quality than in China because the Chinese did not learn algebra, Chemistry and geometry. The decline of the Qing dynasty, economic growth and China’s defeat by the western powers seemed to reinforce the thought that the country was better than China. The British realized that China’s military had not developed during the opium war due to use of smoke and lack of expertise in using firearms. This led to a more degraded image of China. Although China had invented the compass, gunpowder and printers, it did not advance on these new inventions. Their lack of admitting that the Europe was more developed and; therefore, declining to embrace the technological change, showed China’s inability to embrace change.James Mill, a writer of the History of British India book influenced greatly how the western Europeans viewed the Indians. Basing his argument on Scotsmann Grant views, he argued that the Indians were deficient in education, technology, science, civilization and medicine.2. He argued that although Indians had invented handcraft, there was little advancement made in improving their inventory2. Their poor learning systems did not involve teaching of sciences e.g. anatomy and their teachings in mathematics were not fit for any civilized person. There was belittlement of the Indians discoveries in the mining of iron ore. They described the activity as negligible because it carried out on small scale. They considered it destructive and imperfectly done. There was ridicule on the cotton textiles the Indians produced. The character traits associated to them were dishonesty and morally decayed2. The collapse of the Mughal Empire emphasized these traits together with their lack of masculinity. Although Indians had built buildings similar to the Europeans, the Europeans still considered India barbaric and uncivilized due to lack of roads and pipes. However, this made them pass the lowest set social development stage by the Europeans. The Europeans called the Indians barbaric because of the medicine they took, which they said was not fit for the civilized. Mill created an impression that the Indians were unwise because they spent their time playing chess and hunting tigers unlike the Britons who spent their time and resources in trading and developing their empires. They had poor military weapons as compared to the British although the Europeans did not take into consideration that Indians adopted the Europeans training methods and arms. The thinking of the Western Europeans as better than the other countries made it gain more power and superiority in the world. Europeans based their superiority on how righteous a country was in terms of religion in the past, but this changed

Importance of Diversity in Most Organizations In the Global Market Research Paper

Importance of Diversity in Most Organizations In the Global Market - Research Paper Example However, this diversity which meant variations in beliefs as well as in attitudes had posed some challenging concerns for a wide array of companies and businesses all throughout the years. To manage such differences has happened to confront various organizations. The problem of diversity had been present for such a long time ago. In fact, the past of each organization had been marked by the discriminatory processes such as discriminating individuals because of certain preferences on individual’s race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, and others. In order to address this concern, the United States had even developed an anti – discrimination law. Currently, it had been mandated by the government that companies should forget about diversity through requiring a non – diversity rule on every organization. ... In this manner, the companies had gone further than just following the government legislation as they tried to use the differences among their employees for their own advantage. Despite the diversity issues, organizations had managed to recruit and retain those with best talents and skills to make the company work on its utmost efficiency. Aside from that, this global diversity had also contributed to the economic advantages of an organization. Given that diversity had been regarded first as a concern but this ever – growing diversity in the workplace could be leveraged to the advantages of an organization, the focus of this paper should delve on the importance of diversity in most organizations in order to be competitive in the global market at present. Basically, this paper would take into consideration looking at the current condition of organization’s management on global diversity. This paper also aimed at figuring out the importance of differences in the most orga nization which could be used for its own advancement. By this, this would also like to identify the types of diversity that could play a significant role in an organization. This would also seek to analyze the effectiveness of an organization as it had dealt with the concern on diversity. In this study, only one measure of whether organization or company had supported a management style which recognized and respected the differences of characteristics of individuals, was assessed. This research was limited in a number of aspects especially in the methodology that had framed the study. However, this would be supported by the qualitative data as well as the existing literatures. Meanwhile, the necessity to conduct this study could be backed up

Paralegal class assignmnet #5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paralegal class assignmnet #5 - Assignment Example Although this decision is contrary to my understanding of the relative power of the Federal versus state government, it does not affect what I stand for. I disagree with this decision for I hold that the supremacy of the Supreme Court, as defined in Article III, gives it the jurisdiction over such a case. Q2: Natural law refers to the system of universal law that is determined by nature. In The Antelope case, the US Supreme Court examined the validity of the slave trade following the capture of a ship ferrying slaves from Africa. By the natural law, the slave trade is illegal for it denies human being of their freedom. In this case, however, the national legislation recognized the slaves as the legal properties of the Vessel crew. The positivist argument prevailed, and the judges held that the master was lawfully transporting his ‘possession. Although every judicial theory has unique advantages and limitations over the others, I find judicial restraint as the most appropriate approach for todays justice system. Judicial restraint encourages the judges to limit their power and influence and instead stick to the constitutional provisions. By strictly interpreting the legislations appropriately, judges live to the letter and spirit of the doctrine of separation of powers which defines the legislature as the law formulating body and not the judiciary. The use of marijuana has been illegal in several countries in the world. However, researchers have proved the medicinal value of this controversial plant. Studies have shown that bhang can be used as a painkiller and in the treatment of brain problems (Sharma 179). For this reason, bhang use should not be prohibited as it is the case in many countries. Q3: Deposition, Interrogatory and request for admission are the three primary methods of discovery that enables the party to the case exchange information

War and the pity of war Essay Example for Free

War and the pity of war Essay Owens use of the word pity in this quotation immediately reveals his opinion of war. In the dictionary pity is defined as sorrow and compassion aroused by anothers condition or something to be regretted. Owen incorporates both of these definitions into his poetry when describing war. I intend to concentrate on the various devices Owen uses to convey his opinion of War in three of his poems, Disabled, Mental Cases and Exposure. The titles of two of his poems, Disabled and Mental Cases tell of the effect that Owen believes the war to have on those who fought in it. He believes that it has a detrimental, crippling effect on such people and that many lose their sanity because of it. Owens poem Mental Cases focuses on those people who survive the war but are confined to a mental asylum because of it. He uses words such as misery, tormented, hideous and madness to describe the mental state of these men. Owens poems give the distinct impression that the men involved in it are constantly plagued by memories of those that they have killed. Owen writes effectively and truthfully about this because he fought in World War One himself. In Exposure the soldiers imagine the bodies of their comrades impaled upon wire: we hear mad gusts tugging on the wire, Like twitching agonies of men among its brambles. This shows that their thoughts always return to those who have died in the War. Owens use of the word mad is an attack on the cruelty and irrationality of War. In Mental Cases the survivors are described as purgatorial shadows. Purgatory was considered to be a place somewhere between heaven and hell, a place of indecision, an eternal hell. These people in the poem are experiencing a living hell. In fact, later in the poem Owen says that people who walk amongst these tortured souls feel as though they are walking hell. The description of the mental patients as shadows indicates that the War has turned them into apparitions who barely brush the boundaries of existence. These are men whose minds the Dead have ravished. This shows that the men are in fact being tortured by the memory of those they have killed in the war. In the quotation the dead people have been personified. This makes them seem more like one body rather than many individual men. By depriving the dead of their identity the mental cases are able to lessen some of the guilt that they feel, and the extent of the carnage incomparable is easier for them to comprehend. Having ended the line preceding it with a question, Owen starts the above line with a hyphen, to give the effect that he is answering the question. In the first paragraph of Mental Cases the identity of the men is repeatedly questioned. The above line provides these men with an identity Owens attempt to pay homage to all those who served in the War. The lack of appreciation for those men involved in the war is something that Owen often incorporates into his poems. For example in Disabled the young man is not commended by anyone other than a religious figure who thanked him for his efforts in the War. The word thanked is printed in italics to convey the mans (and therefore Owens) bitterness at this lack of appreciation. Similarly in Exposure it is said that those soldiers lucky enough to return home soon find that their families and friends have moved on without them: on us the doors are closed. This shows that Owen believes that the War cuts every man off from the rest of the world. The men have experienced something so terrible that no one else can sympathise with them, including their families. It should be clear to anyone reading Owens poems that he associates the War with pain and suffering. In Exposure he suggests that the impact of the War is so huge that even nature begins to become cruel. Owens association of the unkind weather to the cruelty of the War could be described as pathetic fallacy. The merciless iced east winds that knive us Owens use of the word merciless is typical of the vocabulary he commonly uses to describe a War that he views as callous and unrelenting. He says that the wind knives the soldiers, which is a violent human action, and he later describes it as mad. Such description is more suited to the description of a living thing and therefore Owen almost personifies the wind. In Disabled Owen dwells on the debilitating effect the war has on a young boy. He is changed from a handsome man for whose face an artist was silly into an insecure old man who will never feel again how slim girls waists are. The poem focuses on this mans life before and after the war in order to make the change in his life from good to bad seem more dramatic. The picture that is conjured in the readers mind by Owens poetry is lacking in colour. The image formed in the readers mind are grey bland and empty, not at all alive or vibrant. They therefore can represent the lives of those involved in the war. In Disabled the mans life before the war is described using colourful words. Trees are light blue and his blood is purple (the colour purple is considered to be prestigious, and therefore may be an indication that courage coursed through his veins before the war ruined him). After the war, his world becomes dull and grey. He wears a ghastly suit of grey (note the use of the word ghastly to represent the horror of the War). In Exposure a personification of dawn attacks the ranks on shivering ranks of grey men. This lack of colour is explained in Disabled, when Owen states: hes lost his colour very far from here, Owen explains that war strips the colour and life from all those involved in it. Owen often uses alliteration in his poetry to add effect. For example in Exposure: Worried by silence, sentries whisper, curious, nervous. The repeated s sound in this line makes the reader feel that he/she can hear whispering. In Mental Cases the line: Rucked too thick for these mens extrication uses a lot of harsh ck sounds. The line is referring to the huge amount of human squander, and therefore such harsh sounds make the mood increasingly dramatic. Owens use of the word squander shows that he views the death of so many men in the war as wasteful and pointless. Similarly in Disabled the young man says that he threw away his knees. By using the word threw Owen shows that the man acted recklessly, wasting the gifts that he would not appreciate until he was without them. In Exposure there are many questions asked that Owen does not answer in the poem. For example What are we doing here? and -Is that why we are dying? The men in the poem are questioning the point of their fighting in the war. The fact that they are so unsure of their existence is pitiful. The rhyming and rhythm in Owens poetry is not always regular. Because it is satisfying for people to hear an perfectly rhyming poem with a regular beat, Owen makes sure that his work is not satisfying to the human ear. The almost disjointed manner in which many lines read makes the poems disconcerting, thus the war is less enjoyable to read about. Owen also achieves this dissatisfaction by varying the structure and length of the passages in his poems. For example in Disabled the length of each passage varies greatly. More time is spent reflecting on the young mans past, which gives the reader the impression that the man is regretful. The paragraphs concerning his present life are relatively brief and to the point, showing the extent to which his life has been cut up by the War. Owen uses para rhyming in Exposure, keeping the constanents of the rhyming words the same but changing the vowel sound. This technique is not satisfying to the human ear and therefore ensures that the reader feels troubled about what he/she is reading, i.e. the war. The rhyming and rhythm of Mental Cases is more regular. Therefore in order to ensure that his reader does not feel comfortable with what he/she is reading, Owen makes use of stronger, more shocking imagery such as leering skulls and men wading sloughs of blood. Owen also disrupts the order of the poem to some extent by starting lines with hyphens and punctuating the piece with questions such as but who these hellish? Owens message to his readers is that war is horrific. However the propaganda for the First World War during Owens time did not reveal such horrors, therefore many people joined for the wrong reasons. In Disabled the young man: thought of jewelled hilts For daggers in plaid socks. Owen wanted to reveal this to be a misconception of war. To me, Owens poems convey a strong sense of regret. In Disabled the young man ruins his life simply to please the giddy jilts. Because of this the man is eventually forced to: take whatever pity they may dole. Owens use of the word dole seems as though the people doling the pity are insincere, and it makes the man sound bitter and resentful. It is possible that the young man in this poem is a figurehead of Owen himself, who spent time in Craiglockhart War Hospital having been severely injured during the war. The above quotation uses the one word that Owen directly associates with war: pity. In Exposure the soldiers constantly ask questions, almost as though they are vulnerable (exposed) and in need of guidance. They are despairing and definitely regretful: We cringe in holes. This animal-like action reveals the soldiers shame at what they have been reduced to. They do not try to glorify or even justify their actions. They are forced to accept them. In Mental Cases there is no regret expressed on behalf of the mental patients until the very end of the poem. Throughout the poem the mental patients are described as purgatorial shadows and do not appear to have the state of mind to by conscious of their surroundings. However at they end they are described as: Pawing [those] who dealt them war and madness. This shows that they resent those people who caused them to end up as mental cases.

Tv Could You Be Without It Media Essay

Tv Could You Be Without It Media Essay T.V. is the important part human of life. It was invented by J.L. Beard. In T.V. we are watching many types of channels. T.V. is providing domestic and foreign channels. It has reached in almost every house. It plays a vital role in moulding the public opinion in various ways. It plays very important role in educationing news and entertainment of the people. If we are it in the front of the T.V. one can pass and enjoy our free time more easily. We have many things to do in a T.V. such as-Listening to music, viewing movie, learning techniques of body building. Hearing sermons of religious saints. We are learning about lives of wild animals, birds, water creature, knowing about space and what not. If during the election period one can know the position of the political party, there leaders happening in all parts of the country. All facts of election just sitting before the television. We are watching cricket match and its score on the television. T.V. is very helpful for weather foreca sting for which people that is going to see to catch the fishes. If they do not understand the weather it can be more harmful to their lives. Youngsters, children, and adults are nowadays seen viewing the channel as per their interest. Many children are watching cartoon network, Pogo, Hungnam, Nicklodien, Disney,etc. Students and youngster are listening to music and seen their thrust of knowledge, viewing channels like Discovery, National Geography, Fox history, Travel Living, Animal Planet, etc. If anyone watching these channels one can increase up the knowledge day by day. News channels are very important to us because these are sending many types of information. It has many types of news channels such as IBN7, DD Loksabha, DD Rajayasabha, Star News etc.the news channel on our TV are also provides the information of floods in different rivers. We came to know the information regarding the earthquake through our news channels. The image on the small screen of T.V. thus have a signi ficant impression on all more particularly on the gullible children and on the teens.The present day our television is telecasted fashion, hair dressing awakening towards the right of children. Our government has passed the rule of every channel. If they are showing sexual content and boldness. It will take a strong action and banned of those programme. T.V. places a very important role in our society. We cant live without a television. Every people are familiar to T.V. Today almost people watching news in T.V.They cannot use newspapers the major point of news is displaying in the screen of the television. T.V. is one of the most important boons of a science. Most of the people are not live without watching a television. In childhood T.V. gives a basic knowledge of children for various types of cartoon films and programme. Thus, childrens understand easily of each moral topic. So we can say that the T.V. is important in our life. But some of the programmes showmen are healthy and so me are very obscene. The government should control the cable T.V. so that the unhealthy programme is not telecasted. Media also plays a great role with the television. There are many types of news channels such as: Star Zee channels are also looking with the help of television. We can also play a game in to the television. The first advantage of television is recreation. Radio also provides recreation. It gives us songs, stories and dramas. But these are much more charming on the television. One in direct advantage of the television is the advantage of employment. A very large number of persons gets their livelihood from the television manufacturing industries. Besides workers in the television industries, there are so many people who earn their livelihood by acting for many programme of the television. Every action needs a person because without a person we cannot watch anything. In the TV I also look some facts of videos which cannot be showing the news paper. In the TV we are watching Ramayana it is a religious show which can gives a many types of morals. The serial is superbly produced and is a fine example of a bland of traditional mythological presentation of a story and modern techniques of a colour, music and special effects. We have university and teaching Programs which add to our knowledge. TV is moderate viewing can be useful to our mind and act as. Relief from boredom. The telecast of TV programmes via the satellite is a great achievement of modern science. As a result of it television has reached almost every part of our country. We can watch live republic parades, Independence Day and other things telecast in the TV. Now doordarshan is facing a tough competition from star and zee TV. Doordarshan telecast only in India. Doordarshan provides many types of news, information and entertainment. This channel is telecasting every part of India such as villages, towns etc. This is the basic channel for educating and entertainment of the people. TV is like magic box. It has provided lots of entertain and make our mind free from depression. Peoples are watching TV in the morning and evening for current affairs. Today peoples are doing much more struggle in his life so they cannot spend a time in reading a news paper. So they watch the TV. TV is the more essential part of young generation because it works as a messenger. Generally we are going to market for shopping but now days many channels telecast for based shopping. So it is not necessary to go anywhere. All products and its price are also telecast in TV. It is the main reason that we purchase many products from the TV. When we sit in our house TV is the most significant. We can also say that TV is very popular today. Families members are try to reduce the time of TV viewing for their childrens. It is the boon of a man and we cannot be without it.

Herbert Spencer Essay -- essays research papers

Herbert Spencer The most extreme reflection of nineteenth-century individualism is to be found in the encyclopedic system of Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Both his paternal and maternal ancestors were of a long English and French nonconformists, dissenters and rebels, and Spencer traces in his "Autobiography" his "conspicuous disregard" of political, religious, and social authority to the tradition of independence and dissent so long cherished by his family. Spencer’s education was informal, unconventional, and highly deficient in the more traditional studies of literature and history. His father encouraged his interest in the science and tecnology, and Spencer became an engineer. However, he practiced his profession for a few years, because he became increasingly interested in political economy, sociology, biology, and philosophy. He was a subeditor of The economist from 1848 to 1853, and then ventured into a full-time career as a free-lance author. As early as 1842 Spencer contributed to the Nonconformist a series of letters called The Proper Sphere of Government, his first major publication. It contains his political philosophy of extreme individualism and Laissez Faire, which was not much modified in his writings in the following sixty years. Spencer expresses in The Proper Sphere of Government his belief that "everything in nature has its laws," organic as well as inorganic matter. Man is subject to laws bot in his physical and spiritual essence, and "as with man individually, so with man socially." Concerning the evils of society, Spencer postulates a "self-adjusting principle" under which evils rectify themselves, provided that no one interferes with the inherent law of society. In discussing the functions of the state, Spencer is concerned with what the state should not do, rather than what it should do. Maintenance of order and administration of justice are the only two proper realms of government activity, and their purpose is "simply to defend the natural rights of man to protect person and property." The state has no business to promote religion, regulate trade and commerce, encourage colonization, aid the poor, or enforce sanitary laws. Spencer went even so far as to deny the state the right to wage war; but as he says in his Autobiogra... ...yond the ethical sanction bestowed on it by the free consent of the citizens: " The function of Liberalism in the past was that of putting a limit to the powers of the king. The functions of true Liberalism in the future will be that of putting a limit to the powers of parliaments." Spencer’s political ideas hardly changed between 1842, when he published his Proper Sphere of Government, and 1903, the year of his death. The constancy of his political thought in the face of rapidly changing social and economic scene explains why the same ideas that were the last word in radical individualism in the eighteen-forties had become the orthodox conservatism by 1900. And Spencer’s appeal to the English Liberals to return to their original individualism remained unheard, but he correctly foresaw that Conservatives would become the defenders of economic individualism. Spencer failed to see that the issue of the state intervention in the economy was essentially one of means and not of objectives, and that Laissez Faire could be progressive, dynamic, and revolutionary at one time –early 19 century-, and conservative, stagnant, and sterile at another time – late 19 century-.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research papers

Freedom is defined as 'the condition of being free of restraints'; but freedom for me has a greater and deeper meaning. Freedom is the power to make one's own decisions, the power to laugh, the power to speak one's mind with out boundaries. Freedom is a frame of mind. One is only truly free when they themselves believe it to be so. This mentality of freedom is best seen in Chief Bromden's character. Although he lives in world full of rules, he slowly but surely breaks from the chains, and begins to believe himself free, regardless of his location. This way of thinking, lead him to finally become physically free. In the beginning of the novel the Chief is stuck in some sort of "fog" that acts as his way of hiding from the outside world and all his problems. Everyone on the ward thought him to be a deaf mute because he never talked. But the truth was that he wasn't deaf or mute, but it wasn't until he started coming out of the fog, that he began to improve. Chief once said that, " he knows you have to laugh at the things that hurt you just keep yourself in balance, just to keep you from running plumb crazy"(123). Laughter is what helped him to come out of him fog and talk for the first time in many years. " At first I started getting real mad. I though he was making fun of me like other people had†¦but the more I thought about it the funnier it seemed to me. I tried to stop but I could feel I was about to laugh-not at McM...

The Roswell Incident Essay -- essays research papers

The Roswell Incident: Fact, Fiction or Military Cover Up?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some time in July of 1947, a mysterious flying object zigzagged across the skies of New Mexico. Within twenty-four hours the object disappeared from radar just as mysteriously as it had appeared. It was last seen in a small town in the middle of the Arizona desert, it’s name, Roswell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roswell incident is one of the most publicized and well-known accounts of a possible UFO crash in the world. Perhaps the greatest evidence that a UFO did indeed crash near Roswell, is the wide scale military cover up that took place after the crash. This along with numerous eyewitness accounts of the crash site, prove that what ever happened in the summer of 1947, was certainly not a normal occurrence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story begins on Tuesday July 1, 1947, when one Steven Mackenzie, who was stationed in Roswell at the time, was ordered to track an unknown flying object. By Wednesday the object was over Roswell. On Thursday afternoon officials from Roswell were flown in to observe the activity. Then on Friday the object completely disappeared from radar and was thought to have crashed. On Saturday July 5th a rancher, by the name of William â€Å"Mac† Brazel, discovered the wreckage on his ranch a few miles outside Roswell. Brazel reported the debris to the local sheriff, Gorge A. Wilcox, who then in Mirabile 2 turn reported it to military officials. Major Jesse A. Marcel was shown some of the debris by Brazel. Marcel returned to the base to consult with his superiors and is quoted as having said, â€Å"something unusual had occurred† (Dudley 31). The debris was soon removed from Brazel’s ranch and a land and air search was conducted by the military.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early Thursday morning Marcel was authorized to give this press release: The many rumors regarding the flying disc became a reality yesterday when the intelligence office of the 509th Bomb Group of the Eighth Air Force Roswell Army Air Field, was fortunate enough to gain possession of a disc through the co-operation of one of the local ranchers and the sheriff’s office of Chaves county†¦ ...It was inspected at the Roswell Army Air Field and subsequently loaned by Major Marcel to higher headquarters. (qtd. in Berlitz 24) These two small paragraphs quickly made their way aroun... ...what they thought was an alien ship, but alien bodies as well. Among these is Lt. Col. Albert L. Duran, who admitted seeing Mirabile 4 small bodies and Sgt. Melvin E. Brown, who told his family that he had helped transport the bodies to a hanger in Roswell. The bodies were most often described as â€Å"smaller than human†(Dudley 35) with â€Å"large heads and eyes†(Dudley 36)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, in 1997, the US military admitted to lying about the object being a weather balloon. Instead they claim that the wreckage was part of a â€Å"top-secret experiment†(Mitton 11) involving some sort of balloon. Steve MacKenzie’s response, â€Å"if the object he tracked had been a weather balloon, secret or not, his superiors would have ordered him to ignore it.†(Dudley 35)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether or not the Roswell incident truly involved a UFO remains unclear. How ever, the military cover-up only served to fuel the fire of our imaginations. Interest continues to grow, as questions remain unanswered. Even Bill Clinton has been quoted as saying â€Å"†¦If the United States Air Force did recover alien bodies, they didn’t tell me about it either, and I want to know†(qtd. in Wright 105).

The Climate for Change Summary

The Climate for Change Summary In the November 9, 2008 edition New York Times, an article titled â€Å"The Climate for Change† as a follow up to Al Gore’s speech where he challenged the United States to end its reliance on petroleum based fuels and to generate 100 percent of its electricity from renewable sources within ten years. He gave a five part plan to repower America and to achieve his challenge. Al Gore stated that the new president and the new Congress should offer large-scale investments in incentives for the construction of concentrates solar thermal plants in places that could produce large amounts of electricity. He says we should then begin the planning and construction of a unified national smart grid for the transport of renewable electricity. Third, the government should help America’s automobile industry to convert quickly to plug in hybrids that can run on renewable energy. Fourth, we should embark on a nationwide effort to retrofit buildings with better insulation and energy efficient windows and lighting. Lastly, the United States should lead the way by putting a price on carbon in the US to help reduce global warming pollution coming from us. Al Gore was the forty-fifth vice-president of the United States and was an environmental activist. He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 in recognition for his work. He also won an Oscar for his documentary on the environment that year. In 2006 he founded The Alliance for Climate Protection and has written several books since then.

Pakistan

Pakistan was the rich and a developing country which had valuable natural resources in the past. Pakistan was known for its rich agriculture and human resources helped Pakistan to grow in every field. Through agriculture, Pakistan gained its economical power and enjoyed by having plenty of resources. People did not have much education so they kept on working in agriculture. Pakistani people were hard working and saw success in every field. Since the partition of Pakistan and India they kept on having some conflicts between them. In Pakistan Muslims, Christians and Hindus were living peacefully. Pakistan is known for its cultural norms because they strictly followed what the Kuran says and those who failed to follow will not be considered as Muslims. In Pakistan there was not much facilities in education where people immigrated to many other countries to continue their studies and settled there. After that immigration is still continuing in Pakistan. Many people immigrate to other countries due to business. This was the reason for the immigration where big amount of Pakistani Muslims presented in America. They are known as Pakistani Americans, moreover the number of Pakistani Americans is increasing still. Then all the human resources came down because lack of good members in politics. Political issues were the main cause for the problems faced by the Pakistani people. The increasing of corruption made in politics affected the lives of normal people. Normal people were affected where elite people lived a rich life. Pakistan met failure in education, in employment, in democracy and in shortage of human needs. So people trusted the Human Resources management to develop their sad situation. Their needs are an innovation in education, skills training for unemployment people and natural resources to lead life. At the beginning they were living satisfied life after the war, nuclear power, corruption, in politics and lack of help from the government changed their life totally. The demolition of The Twin Tower on September 11 changed the lives of the Pakistani people. All the Muslims were considered as terrorist therefore many Muslim writers all around the countries started to write about the real face of Islam people and their hardships after the September 11 attack. Pakistan EEOC Complaint Trends Executive Summary The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website was very informative in researching current trends in complaints being filed with the EEOC. The EEOC has the responsibility to oversee, investigate, and litigate claims of employment discrimination. I will discuss several EEOC current trends in complaints. First, I will discuss the American Disability Act of 1990. This Act was established to protect disabled people. Then, discuss several disability cases filed by EEOC.For example, Robin Parker-Garcia vs. Gannett Company, Inc. was a popular disability discrimination case filed by EEOC when an bipolar employee was fired because of his disability. Another case filed by the EEOC was the case of McCormick & Schmick. In this case, a complaint was filed by EEOC when this employee was fired because he was deaf. Some disability discrimination laws are similar in other countries to those in the United States. On the hand, there are some countries that d o not have discrimination laws to protect the people. / EEOC Current Complaint Trends Upon review of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website I found that there are many employment related complaints that have been filed with EEOC. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsibility is to oversee, investigate, and litigate claims of employment discrimination. In other words, they enforce federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. In my opinion, people should be given the chance to obtain employment if they can work while being disabled.The current trend in EEOC complaints that I would like to discuss those that are in violation of the American Disability Act of 1990. This Act was established to protect disabled people. It states that all private and public employers with 15 or more employees are protected under this law. The law requires an employer to provide reasonable accommodation to an employee or job applicant with a disability, unless doing so wo uld cause significant difficulty or expense for the employer â€Å"undue hardship† (EEOC. gov). In the case of Robin Parker-Garcia-vs.Gannett Company, Inc. , she was unlawfully discharged because she was bipolar. Gannett Company, Inc. was in direct violation of the ADA. (Sunnucks, 2011) According to Mello, there is some concern as to whether certain medical conditions really are impairments and whether they limit any major life activity. In other words, not all medical conditions are physically related. The ADA protects those that are physically and mentally disabled. (Mello 2011, p. 302) Another interesting complaint filed with EEOC was the McCormick & Schmick case.According to the EEOC's suit, Vernon Davis, who has been deaf since childhood and uses American Sign Language and reads lips to communicate, satisfactorily performed his duties as a prep cook at the McCormick ; Schmick's National Harbor restaurant in Oxon Hill, Md. The EEOC said that at McCormick & Schmick's, Davi s was harassed by a former management official because of his disability, through mockery [†¦] and physical conduct. The EEOC also said that Davis's prep cook duties were removed and that he was transferred to a dishwasher position because of his disability.After Davis and others complained about Davis being subjected to disability discrimination, the restaurant demoted him to a janitorial-type position and cut his hours because of his disability and in retaliation for the complaints, the EEOC charged. Four months later, McCormick and Schmick's unlawfully fired Davis because of his disability and in retaliation for his complaints. (National Law Review) As I read both of the disability cases, I noticed that the EEOC has an important role in filing disability claims on behalf of the employee.In 2012, statistics show that Texas (8,929 charges) and Florida (7,940 charges) had the largest amount of disability discrimination claims filed by EEOC in the United States. As I reviewed th e EEOC site, I noticed that the EEOC is currently dealing with cases pertaining to disability discrimination and sexual harassment cases. Both types of cases are in violation of federal laws that has been put in place to protect those in the workplace. I totally agree with the discrimination laws because they protect people in the UnitedStates society as a whole. Nobody is exempt from filing a claim with the EEOC is they feel that their employment rights have been violated by their employer in the United States or globally. Based on further research on this topic, I discovered that other countries discrimination laws are similar to those in the United States. Many laws around the world prohibit sexual harassment and recognize that both men and women may be harassers or victims of sexual harassment. However, most claims of sexual harassment are made by women.In Australia, The Sex Discrimination Act of 1984 defines sexual harassment as â€Å"†¦unwanted conduct of a sexual nature . † Czech defines sex harassment as â€Å"undesirable behavior of a sexual nature at the workplace if such conduct is unwelcome, unsuitable or insulting [†¦]. † In contrast, France Article 222-33 of the French Criminal Code describes sexual harassment as, â€Å"The fact of harassing anyone using orders, threats or constraint, in order to obtain favors of a sexual nature, by a person abusing the authority that functions confer on him†¦ This means the harasser can only be someone with authority on the harassed (basically, there can't be sexual harassment between coworkers of the same rank. This was an eye opener for me because it is the total opposite in the United States. An U. S. employee can file a complaint against the boss as well as a coworker for sexual harassment in the workplace. (humanresource. com) Another employment law that is faced in other countries is disability discrimination.The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilit ies (CRPD), passed in 2006, is the main international policy document addressing the rights of disabled persons. Framing disability as a human rights issue, the CRPD makes general human rights law applicable to persons with disabilities and clarifies existing international laws concerning disabilities. According to the World Report on Disability (2011) article, A 2005 global survey found that of the 114 countries participating: 48 countries did not adopt rehabilitation policies and 57 countries did not pass rehabilitation legislation.As for accessibility standard, 54 percent had none for outside environments, 43 percent had none for public building, and 44 percent had none for schools and health facilities. About 65 percent had not started educational programs, and 58 percent had not allocated funds to disability programs. Reasons included lack of strategic planning, lack of resources and health infrastructure, and lack of a coordinating agency. Non-compliance is also a problem, eve n among developed countries such as Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India, and the United States.Other countries are lacking disability discrimination laws. There is much work to be done in order for them to come into compliance so that they can help the disabled community. The lack of strategic planning and a lack of resources are main barriers in helping the disabled community in other countries with disability discrimination issues. References EEOC. gov. Retrieved January 30, 2013 from http://www. eeoc. gov/laws/types/disability. cfm Mello, J. A. (2011). Strategic human resources management. (3rd ed. ). Mason, OH: SouthWestern/Cencage.Sunnucks, D. (2011). EEOC charges Gannett company with discrimination. Retrieved January 30, 2013 from http://www. natlawreview. com/article/mccormick-schmick-s-to-pay- 47814-to-settle-eeoc-disability-discrimination-lawsuit What is human resource. com. Sexual harassment, different countries. Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www. whatishumanresourc e. com/sexual-harassment-different-countries World report on disability. (2011) Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www. globalization101. org/world-report-on-disability-3/

Of Mice and Men Essay

The book Of Mice and Men focuses on the friendship of two migrant workers in California at a time when most of the work was done by people and not by machines. George was a small man who acted worldly and wise. Lennie was a huge man that had the mind of a child. Together George and Lennie would bounce from job to job with no money in their pockets and only the dream of someday owning a place of their own to keep them going. The two men were not able to stay in one place too long because Lennie would get into trouble and George would have to get the two of them out of the bad situation and find a new place to work until the next bad thing would happen. Why would George continue to complicate his life by dragging Lennie around? Why wouldn’t George just set off on his own and make his life a whole lot easier? It was obvious when I read through the book that Lennie could not have survived in the world without somebody like George watching out for him. As the story unfolded I had to ask myself, â€Å"Did George need Lennie as much as Lennie needed George? † Two men traveling together the way George and Lennie did was not very common during this time. Slim said to George on page 39, â€Å"Hardly none of the guys ever travel together. I hardly never seen two guys travel together. You know how hands are, they just come in and get their bunk and work a month, and then they quit and go out alone. Never seem to give a damn about nobody. † Why did George and Lennie travel together then? It is easy to answer that question when looking at it from Lennies point of view. Lennie needed somebody to protect him. Lennie had the mind of a small child and would not have been able to find work, feed himself or stay out of trouble if not for somebody like George. The reason why George traveled with Lennie on the other hand is a little bit more complicated. One reason may have been George made a promise to the person who took care of Lennie before George that he would. Does this mean that George is such a stand up person that he would not go back on his word? Maybe but I don’t think it is the main reason he put up with Lennie and all the trouble that came with him. Another reason George may have kept Lennie around was that Lennie was such a great worker that it made George’s life much easier always working alongside of him. A third reason why George may have continued to travel with Lennie was that George liked the fact that he was in charge of Lennie, similar to how a father was in charge of what his son does. George had so little in his life that maybe having Lennie around to tell what to do all the time made him feel needed or important. Jus’ tell Lennie what to do an’ he’ll do it if it don’t take no figuring. He can’t think of nothing to do himself, but he sure can take orders† George tells Slim on page 39. A fourth reason George kept Lennie around is maybe Lennie made George feel smart. George seemed like the kind of person that liked to feel he was smart. The last reason I can think of and probably the biggest reason was that George needed the company. I don’t think that George could even imagine living how he lived and not having anybody to share anything with, including his ideas and his dreams. Ultimately, I think all of these reasons played some role in why George kept Lenny around but fear of being alone was probably the biggest reason. Something good is gained by both parties in every successful relationship and the relationship that George and Lenny have was no exception. Lenny of course received protection and a person to take care of him. Those are two things he could not have survived without. I think what George gained most from the relationship was becoming a better person. On page 41, George says to Slim, â€Å"I ain’t got no people. I seen guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They get wantin’ to fight all the time. † George meant he didn’t have any family at all. George was afraid if he lost Lennie, he would never have somebody close to him again, he would be all alone and turn mean. That is what George got most out of the relationship, the friendship he believed made him a better person. I think George proved just how much he cared about Lennie at the end of the story when he shot Lennie in the back of the head by the creek. George made the ultimate sacrifice in killing Lennie and putting himself in the position that he feared the most which is being along. George knew if anybody else found Lennie, especially Curley, they would have made Lennie suffer to pay for killing Curley’s wife. It was interesting what happened earlier with Old Candy and his dog being put to sleep. Old Candy seemed just as upset about not shooting the dog himself as losing the dog. â€Å"I should have done it myself†, Old Candy said near the end of the book. Maybe George learned from that. George believed the right thing was for somebody who cared about Lennie to end his life no matter how much it hurt. Of Mice and Men is a book about relationships with the relationship between two very different people, George and Lennie, at the forefront. Early on it seemed very obvious that Lennie got the most benefit from their friendship. As the story unfolds, it’s not so obvious. In the end, I believe that George benefitted as much or even more than Lennie from their strange friendship. George believed that Lennie made him a better person.

Creativity or Conformity? Building Cultures of Creativity in Higher Education Essay

Permission is granted to reproduce copies of these works for purposes relevant to the above conference, provided that the author(s), source and copyright notice are included on each copy. For other uses, including extended quotation, please contact the author(s). Abstract Whatever else it may be, creativity is intriguing; this view appears to be shared by the literature on the subject and by popular culture. While there is little agreement about the exact nature, processes and products of creativity, there seems to be a fascination both with its complexity and the sheer impossibility of providing clear explanations for it. This paper does not attempt to generate yet another explanation, but instead offers a framework for exploring creativity in the context of teaching and teacher education. The nature of creativity in teaching is usually evidenced by its products: innovative curriculum design or original students’ work. The focus of this paper, however, is on developing opportunities for teachers to understand, explore and express their identities as creative practitioners. These opportunities are offered in the form of â€Å"creative reflection†, a framework of creative methodologies for engaging teachers individually and collectively in identifying and expanding their creativity practices. The notion of creative reflection challenges the action-reflection dichotomy of reflective practice and extends reflection beyond cognitive, retrospective models to encompass the exploration of possibility through play, image-making, writing, action methods and storytelling. The paper offers examples of and reflections on these methods from the author’s use of creative methodologies in a teacher education programme at Queen’s University Belfast. Creative Reflection, Creative Practice: Expressing the Inexpressible The concept and practices of creative reflection have been developed in a teacher education programme at Queen’s University Belfast to enhance the model of reflective practice on which the programme is based. Creative reflection is a framework of creative methodologies whereby teachers explore their practice and the liminal spaces between action and reflection. This work is a response to the need in teacher education for â€Å"the development of more complex models of reflection, related to purpose, which take greater cognisance of existing knowledge from other disciplines, particularly those aspects of psychology concerned with cognitive processes including problem-finding, insight, wisdom, creativity† Leitch and Day (2000: 186-187). Creativity itself is an elusive concept; the literature on the subject incorporates a range of perspectives and dichotomies, raising a number of questions. Those pertinent to this paper include: – is creativity a cognitive process, or is it socially constructed? – is creativity to do with outcomes, or with processes and qualities such as fluency, imagination and originality? – what are the conditions which support the development of creativity? – what is the nature of creativity in education, and does it have a place in teacher education? One of the assumptions on which this paper is based is that teachers are creative; by extension, teacher education should therefore provide them with opportunities to identify themselves as creative and to enhance their creativity. Craft (2001: 48) suggests that teachers are highly creative: Certainly some of the characteristics of high creators (childlike qualities, feeling under siege, being on the edge, high energy and productivity) which Gardner identifies in Creating Minds (1993), also emerged as a characteristic of ‘ordinary’ educators in one of my research projects (Craft, 1996a; Craft and Lyons, 1996). Craft’s allusion to productivity is complemented by Eisner’s exploration of the processes, the â€Å"artistry† and the â€Å"craft† involved in teaching (2002). Both facets of creativity, product and process, are incorporated into the framework for creative reflection. Details follow as to how participants engage in process activities as well as in deliberation on the outcomes of these processes. The process of creativity, mysterious as it is, has long been a source of fascination and speculation. Helmholtz’s classical model, developed in 1826, includes the stages of saturation, exploration and incubation; Poincare added to these the aspect of verification (Balzac, 2006). The four-phase model developed for this study incorporates and elaborates on these stages: Model for Creative Reflection Phase 1: Preparation This aspect of creative reflection recognises that the creative process involves uncertainty and possibility and that participants need preparation to access that state of receptivity, or Keatsian Negative Capability, which Keats defines as â€Å"when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason† (Buxton Foreman, 1895). In this phase of creative reflection, threshold activities are offered to enhance possibility and to free the imagination. One of the most successful of these threshold activities has been the invitation to participants to select images and quotations on a relevant theme: teaching, learning or creativity itself. This activity is based on the notion of â€Å"stepping stones† into a liminal world of exploration, as in Progoff’s system for entering the â€Å"twilight world† of process meditation (Progoff, 1980). While participants are in the process of choosing images and quotations which engage them, music is played in the background to enhance relaxation and stimulate intuitive rather than rational decision-making. The activity is conducted without discussion to encourage focus and a connection with the unconscious. Another threshold activity is that of visualisation: for example, individuals are asked to imagine their learning about their practice as a journey and to articulate this in the form of images or writing. The sharing of the results is part of the process of synthesis described in the final phase of this model. Threshold activities are directed at the group as a whole as well as at individuals: for example, participants are asked to imagine an ideal space for teaching and learning and to suggest in turn something which they might like to include in this space. Offerings range from comfortable chairs to the location of this space at the seaside and the presence of flowers and music centres. This activity generates ideas about inclusiveness and introduces into the discussion metaphors and symbols which enhance the learning process. The idea of bringing an ideal situation or world into the realms of possibility through group visualisation is based on the process of reflective meditation in psychosynthesis (Ferrucci, 1982; Assagioli, 1999). Phase 2: Play This phase is based on the assumptions that a good deal of learning happens through play, that play is an essential aspect of cultural development (Huizinga, 1970), and that a group can create meaning, possibility and new insights through the processes of play. Play is also important because it has the potential to free participants from external concerns so that they may enter the state of â€Å"flow†. According to Csikszentmihalyi (1991, 1997) this is an optimum state in which the person is fully focused and immersed in what he or she is doing, usually with a successful outcome. The activities in this phase are conducted quickly; their purpose is to generate energy, enjoyment of the group process and a range of new ideas. The processes involved provide opportunities for divergent thinking; they include mind mapping, creative thinking and brainstorming. The brainstorming methods in this model of the creative reflection are informed by Kelley and Littmann’s (2002) methods for enhancing fluency of ideas and innovation within the context of team-building. Phase 3: Exploration This aspect of creative reflection is active, with the purpose of creating a product. The processes involved may include creative writing, storytelling, or the use of art materials, or action methods based on psychodrama to concretize the experience (Moreno, 1994). The exploration phase may be individual or collective: it may take place in pairs or small groups. In one particular activity, an individual selects one of his or her identities as a teacher from a list; this list includes the more obvious identities such as mentor, helper and instructor, as well as more metaphorical ones as foot soldier, sower or bridge. The individual then elaborates this identity through writing and art, imagining in detail, for example, what this identity might look like, its voice, its tools and how it engages in relationship. The image below depicts the process of exploration on both individual and group levels. Participants, given the task of expressing their understandings of themselves as reflective practitioners, arranged together the quotations, images and artefacts which they had chosen as individuals to express this notion. The circle of people made from tissue paper was created as a collective piece for the final image; this suggests that the group product extended beyond that of a loose arrangement of individual ideas to a creative collaboration of knowledge and understanding. [pic] Phase 4 Synthesis In the final phase of creative reflection, which is akin to the verification tage of the Helmholtz/Poincare model, participants present and reflect on their ideas, stories and collective images. In this phase, which is adapted from McNiff’s process of â€Å"dialoguing with the image†, participants engage with and reflect on the artefact engendered by the creative process (McNiff, 1992). Through this process, the experience and learning are synthesised into new understandin gs, or the identification of new questions which might be raised about professional practice. The image below represents the world of reflective practice as created by a group of practitioners through the use of props. pic] Discussion about this image revealed that each of the scarves, which are circumscribing and containing the world of reflective practice, represents a strength owned by one of the practitioners, while the Russian dolls and the teddy bear on the edge of the circle symbolise those learners who exclude themselves from learning. The act of dialoguing with the image engendered ideas amongst the participants for engaging those who are currently on the outside and who have not yet found a satisfactory means of expression. In many ways, the process of writing this paper has been a struggle to express that which is inexpressible; it is challenging to articulate the complexity of the spaces between reflection and practice, as well as the complexity of creativity itself. It is hoped that further research will indicate whether the processes of creative reflection can take sufficient cognisance of these complexities to support teachers in recognising and expressing their creativity. References Assagioli, R. (1999) The Act of Will: A Guide to Self-Actualization and Self-Realization, Knaphill, David Platts Publishing Company Balzac, F. (2006) ‘Exploring the Brain’s Role in Creativity’,Neuropsychiatry Reviews, Vol. 7, no. 5, May 2006. http://www. neuropsychiatryreviews. com/may06/einstein. html Accessed 14/11/2006 Buxton Foreman, H. (1895, Complete revised edition) The Letters of John Keats, London : Reeves & Turner Craft, A. (2001)’ â€Å"Little c Creativity†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Craft, A. Jeffrey, B, and Leibling, M. (eds. ), Creativity in Education, London and New York, Continuum, pp 45-61 Craft, A. (1996a) ‘Nourishing educator creativity: a holistic approach to CPD’, British Journal of In-Service Education, 22 (3), 309-322. Craft, A. and Lyons, T. (1996) Nourishing the Educator, Milton Keynes: The Open University Seminar Network Occasional Paper Series Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997) Creativity. Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York, HarperPerennial. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991) Flow: the psychology of optimal experience. New York : HarperPerennial Eisner (2002) ’From episteme to phronesis to artistry in the study and improvement of teaching’, Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 18,  Number 4, May 2002, pp. 375-385 Ferrucci, P. 1982) What we may be: techniques for psychological and spiritual growth. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam Gardner, H. (1997) Extraordinary minds: portraits of exceptional individuals and an examination of our extraordinariness New York : BasicBooks Huizinga, J. (1970) Homo Ludens: a study of the play element in culture, London : Maurice Temple Smith Kelley, T and Littman, J. (2002) The Ten Faces of Innovation: Ideo’s Strategies for Be ating the Devil’s Advocate & Driving Creativity Throughout Your Organization London: Profile Leitch, R. and Day, C. (2000) ‘Action research and reflective practice: towards a holistic view’, Educational Action Research, Vol 8, 1 pp179-193. McNiff, S. (1992) Art as medicine: creating a therapy of the imagination Boston, MA. : London: Shambhala Moreno, J. L. (1994, Fourth Edition) Psychodrama and Group Psychotherapy, Mental Health Resources. Progoff, I (1980) The Practice of Process Meditation: The Intensive Journal Way to Spiritual Experience, New York: Dialogue House Library.

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Non-Verbal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non-Verbal Communication - Essay Example It is a fact that the nonverbal communication presents the truth in entirety and nothing else. Nonverbal communication is pertinent since it is now being studied by people more than the verbal form of communication and it has more meaning and implication than the latter. Thus it is a wholly different field altogether and one that requires strict attention, more so by the speakers and those personalities who have a definitive say within the society’s different undertakings and decisions. Nonverbal communication started to come to the notice of people when they understood that it aids in making the clarity of the verbal communication possible. Thus nonverbal communication is cohesive alongside the verbal form of communication. It gives the people something to ponder upon since the facilitation process of nonverbal communication is strong in line with the verbal communication forms. ... Nonverbal communication could be studied in entirely an opposite manner since the usual manner in which a person might exhibit his verbal form of communication ends up being starkly against what he demonstrates in his nonverbal form. What this means is that a person might experience a bit of problem at the hands of expressing his mind and his tongue would say one thing while his hands and eyes transmit a completely different message. The element of understanding how a person makes use of his nonverbal communication regimes is essential for the audience since it presents to him the amount of truth which comes to the fore as well as deceit and lie that is hidden deep beneath the very same. Also nonverbal communication was deemed as important from the studying and understanding perspective when it started to have an impact within the lives of the people in a very direct way. What this means was the fact that nonverbal communication makes a presenter look different and stand out in his o wn right within the people to whom he is presenting his message. It could also mar his confidence and make him look illogical and irrational at the same time. This happens if he is not prepared to face the battle that comes his way in the form of the communication process. The tension that one goes through whilst delivering a public speech summarizes the fears that a commoner might have on a consistent basis. Nonverbal Communication Elements and Metaphors Moving further ahead with the discussion, the different elements of nonverbal communication include the gestures, emotions, actions, body language, posture, facial expressions, eye contact and so on.

1.Select a research topic of your choice based on a business issue and Essay

1.Select a research topic of your choice based on a business issue and design a research proposal for this topic - Essay Example Crude oil is valued in terms of dollars per barrels of gallons in the international markets (BALKE 1997). The aim of the research here is to analyze the influence of shifts in Crude oil prices to the general economic performance due to its immediate influence on the World’s leading stock markets. The study is aimed at finding the changes that do occur in the stock markets which are related to increases or fall in the crude oil prices. The data gathered in the study will be analyzed to a certain the influences of fluctuations on Crude oil prices on inflations (BALKE 1997). Crude oil prices stability in the international market is always short term in nature. As a result such fluctuations have always shown influences on the world commodity prices in one way or the other. From mid-2010, there was a considerable increase in commodity prices as oil prices rose by 40%. During this time there was an incredible increase in food items costs and other farm products, metals and precious commodities like minerals and gem stones rose at a faster rate than ever experience before the energy price changes. Increase in energy prices therefore resulted in the upsurge of prices for food commodities due to the high demand for energy in the production of grains (BALKE 1997). Fluctuations on oil prices do occur following developments on the equity markets which is influenced by crisis in the market such as those of European debt crisis. During this time, the OPEC Reference Basket showed an average of $ 106.32/b, which represented a decline in the previous price level by over $ 5.30. In this period the crude oil future market, the Nymex WTI front-month rose to average $ 86.43/b. Crude Oil price hikes sometimes can be attributed to other factors such as demand. Increased demand for energy in the international markets can be attributed to the increasing economic

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Psych research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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